Clinical Manifestations of Breast Fibroadenoma
The primary clinical manifestation of breast fibroadenoma is a breast mass, and in most cases, this mass is the sole symptom. The mass is usually discovered incidentally by the patient and generally does not cause pain, nor does it change with the menstrual cycle. In a minority of cases, fibroadenoma coexists with mammary hyperplasia, in which case premenstrual breast distension and pain may occur.
The mass of breast fibroadenoma most commonly occurs in the outer upper quadrant of the breast. It is usually solitary but may also be multiple. The tumor is round or oval, with diameters commonly ranging from 1 to 3 cm, though smaller or larger ones may occasionally be seen, including rare giant cases. The surface is smooth, the texture firm, boundaries clear, non-adherent to skin or surrounding tissues, highly mobile, and feels slippery upon palpation. Axillary lymph nodes are not enlarged. The tumor is generally painless and non-tender. Its size and shape typically do not vary with the menstrual cycle. The mass usually grows slowly, sometimes remaining unchanged for years; however, during pregnancy and lactation, it may rapidly enlarge, and in rare cases, sarcomatous transformation may occur.
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